With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, public school districts in the United States are working to improve the achievement of students on state standardized tests for accountability. Teachers, administrators, and districts need to find ways to get all students to pass standardized tests. Mathematical concepts appear throughout…

This year the Center on Education Policy analyzed data on the achievement of different groups of students in two distinct ways. First, it looked at grade 4 test results to determine whether the performance of various groups improved at three achievement levels--basic and above, proficient and above, and advanced. Second, it looked at gaps between…