During the 2002-2003 academic year, six roundtables were held to explore uses of the data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) for improvement of student learning. This paper describes the roundtable discussion held in Kentucky in December 2002. This roundtable focused on ways the NSSE can contribute to state-level efforts on accountability and institutional improvement. Participants included individuals with state-level responsibilities for higher education and representatives of three universities. Kentucky has already taken steps to combine attention to accountability with efforts to support institutional improvement. In recent years, all colleges and universities in the state have engaged in substantial activity to demonstrate and increase their educational effectiveness. Statewide surveys and workshops have been conducted, and the state has set specific goals and timelines for institutional action. In its review of Kentucky's experience, the roundtable focused on: (1) state-level uses of NSSE data; (2) institutional perspectives on uses of NSSE data; (3) observations of greater uses of NSSE data; and (4) NSSE data as a new source for communicating with important audiences. (Author/SLD)