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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Norris, John M.; Garcia Gomez, Pablo; Manna, Venessa F.; Monfils, Lora – Educational Testing Service, 2021
The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test is a new English language proficiency test in the "TOEFL"® family of assessments. It measures foundational language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. The test covers the four language skills of reading, listening, writing, and speaking and is intended…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
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Crossley, Scott A.; Kim, YouJin – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2019
The current study examined the effects of text-based relational (i.e., cohesion), propositional-specific (i.e., lexical), and syntactic features in a source text on subsequent integration of the source text in spoken responses. It further investigated the effects of word integration on human ratings of speaking performance while taking into…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Syntax, Oral Language, Speech Communication
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Chapple, Julian – International Education Studies, 2015
Described as a "galloping" phenomenon now considered "pandemic" in proportion, the use of English as the lingua franca medium of instruction (EMI) at higher education institutions (HEIs) across the globe is today considered the most significant trend in educational internationalisation. Japan is no exception and a growing…
Descriptors: Language of Instruction, Teaching Methods, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning