Fuzzy sets have experienced multiple expansions since their conception to enhance their capacity to convey complex information. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, image fuzzy sets, q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets are a few of these extensions. Researchers and academics have acquired a lot of information about their theories and methods…

"Improving Mathematics in the Early Years and Key Stage 1" reviews the best available evidence to offer five recommendations for developing the maths skills of 3-7-year olds. Recommendations include integrating maths into different activities throughout the day -- for example, at registration and snack time -- to familiarise children…

Described are children's strategies in thinking about fraction order and equivalence. The data are based on two teaching experiments with fourth and fifth-grade children. Some sample activities for teaching order and equivalence are included. (RH)

Describes examples of rational representation as a guide for translating terminology and information encountered in manuals for computers. Discusses four limitations of the representation. (YP)

Describes properties of Fibonacci numbers, including the law of recurrence and relationship with the Golden Ratio. Discussed are some applications of the numbers to sewage of towns on a river bank, resistances in electric circuits, and leafy stems in botany. Lists four references. (YP)

Describes a number sequence made by counting the occurrence of each digit from 9 to 0, catenating this count with the digit, and joining these numeric strings to form a new term. Presents a computer-aided proof and an analytic proof of the sequence; compares these two methods of proof. (YP)

Presents examples of 3-by-3 and 4-by-4 magic squares. Proves that the numbers 1 to 10 can not be fitted to the intersections of a pentagram and that the sum of the 4 numbers on each line is always 22. (YP)

Discusses how to express an n factorial as a product of powers of primes. Provides two examples and answers. Presents four related suggestions. (YP)

A square-dance number is defined as an even number which has the property that the set which consisted of the numbers one through the even number can be partitioned into pairs so that the sum of each pair is a square. Theorems for identifying square-dance numbers are discussed. (YP)

This article discusses the classroom use of discovery of number pattern. Provided are examples of a table of squares, multiplications of numbers, and algebraic expressions. (YP)

Presented is a brief overview of Japanese education followed by specific ideas about important considerations in the teaching of mathematics in elementary grades. Examples are given for teaching flexibility in mathematical thinking. (RH)

Procedures for developing a variety of magic squares and magic triangles are given. A bibliography with references containing more ideas is included. (RH)

Reviews some fundamental mathematical ideas on sets and counting. Provides problems based on those ideas and their answers. (ASK)

Presents a variety of mathematics activities for students to solve. Sections are included on geometrical dissection, prime numbers, trigonometry, and number concepts. (RH)

Presented is a report on four 45-minute sessions with a group of 17-year-old students in Poland. Sessions were the first of a series organized with aim of exploring the possibilities of elaborating didactical situations that would help students overcome epistemological obstacles related to limits. Students' attitudes pertinent to the development…