Many studies have examined the factors that influence second language interaction, such as task type and communication mode, i.e., face-to-face and computer-mediated communication through online mode. However, there is a paucity of research that has investigated the effects of task type on negotiation of meaning (NoM), a specific type of…

Online communities of practice (online CoP) have emerged as a viable method for teacher professional development regarding the emphasis on teacher networks for effective professional development and the elimination of some restrictions with online learning. Moreover, most technology integration studies examine teacher-centered technology…