Background: Accurate nonword repetition (NWR) is contingent on many underlying skills, including encoding, memory and motor planning and programming. Though vowel errors are frequently associated with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), several recent studies have found that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) produce high rates of…

Background: Speech and language are interconnected systems, and language disorder often co-occurs with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and non-CAS speech sound disorders (SSDs). Potential trade-off effects between speech and language in connected speech in children without overt language disorder have been less explored. Method: Story retell…

This study aims to identify the phonological error patterns of normally developing children who speak colloquial Jordanian Arabic dialect and to provide normative data for the age of suppression for each phonological error pattern. One hundred fifty-four normally developing children (68 females and 86 males) ranging from 3 to 6.5 years were…