In this study, the extent to wording effects impact structure and factor loadings, internal consistency and measurement invariance was outlined. The modified form, which includes items that semantically reversed, explains %21.5 more variance than the original form. Also, reversed items' factor loadings are higher. As a result of CFA, indexes…

This study aims to conduct the Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 (TOMI-2) developed by Hutchins and Prelock (2016) for 3-5-year-old children. The study group consists of 310 mothers with children in the 3-5 age group in Konya city center. Personal Information Form and Theory of Mind Inventory-2…

This research aims to adapt the Teachers Homework Reasons scale into Turkish and develop the Teachers Homework Feedback Frequency scale. The study involved 475 primary, secondary, and high school teachers from northeastern Turkey, with an average age of 41.25 years and an equal gender distribution. The sample was divided into two sub-groups: one…

Over the last two decades, cyberbullying has gained increasing attention from the research community as the phenomenon has become a public health issue affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Although several instruments assess cyberbullying worldwide, many still need to be adequately validated in different languages, countries, and…

In the present study, the Teacher Formative Assessment Literacy Scale (TFALS), developed by Yan and Pastore (2022a), was translated into Turkish to examine the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the scale in a Turkish sample. Data was collected from 318 teachers, of whom 168 were males and 150 were females, working in different…

This study aims to adapt the Academic Entitlement Scale to Turkish culture and examine the scale's measurement invariance according to gender. The study was conducted with 372 university students aged 18 and 54 (I = 20.90). The study used the Academic Entitlement Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Locus of…