The primary goal of this study was to examine a key but understudied link between early career teachers' expectations (as outcomes) and their thinking styles (as teacher factors). A second goal was to explore whether teacher self-efficacy, discipline, and grade level would moderate this relationship. We collected self-report data from 390 school…

In education, assessment helps shape teaching practices and student outcomes, as it influences how teachers perceive their roles, approach instruction, and engage with students. This study investigated 3rd-8th grade English Language Arts and mathematics teachers' conceptions of the NWEA MAP Growth assessment, focusing on four key factors: (1)…