This commentary endorses J. Kagan's (2008) conclusion that many of the most dramatic findings on early perceptual, cognitive, and social competencies are ambiguous. It supports his call for converging research operations to disambiguate findings from single paradigms and single response indices. The commentary also argues that early competencies…

This article argues for increasing the use of patterning strategies in teaching of artistic skills. It reviews evidence of patterning in anthropological, cognitive psychological, and therapeutic studies and describes the various direct and indirect patterning strategies commonly used in different art education contexts. (JDH)

Upholds the importance and need for including visuo-spatial skill exercises in science lessons. Provides suggestions for improving students' visualization skills and reviews the approaches that have been successful with students who were poor in visual skills. (ML)