The differences in strength development processes and maximum strength levels between cisgender men and women -- i.e. the 'strength gap' -- are considerably fraught topics, with significant implications for our broader understandings of sex and gender. The polarization of exercise science and sociocultural research about the relationships between…

High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) has become a popular mode of exercise. HIFT is a training style that involves performance of coordinated, whole-body exercises at high relative intensities. Research has shown that there are numerous health benefits from performing HIFT. This article addresses how to incorporate HIFT into a high school…

The application of strength and conditioning principles and concepts are built into the national standards and grade-level outcomes; however, the prevailing FITT formula does not meet the needs of students today. Instead of one standard workout program for all, students need to learn about a nonlinear, or undulating, program that provides options…

The aim of this article is to explore the concept of resistance training skill literacy and discuss related strategies to enhance learning, improve adherence and help youth realize the holistic benefits of resistance exercise.

Many factors determine success in football. But the most important of these are the physical and physiological variables that determine the performance of football players. Meeting these physical and physiological needs is also based on training methods prepared following branch-specific neural, muscular, and metabolic parameters. In football, for…

The purpose of this article is to overview the cardiovascular fitness benefits associated with HIIT and speed training, as well as discuss specific ways coaches and fitness professionals can introduce and promote speed workouts as a viable, and creative, exercise alternative.

Sport coaches can agree that various levels of practice and play contribute significantly to the overall development of a young athlete. Coaches of young athletes need to also address issues related to strength and conditioning as part of the developmental cycle. Unfortunately, many sport coaches are not well trained in the science related to…

The purpose of this article is to provide practical applications for eccentric focused RT through the lens of DI that K-12 PE teachers can incorporate within their curriculums. Within the DI framework, differentiated assessments are key to measure readiness and the product of learning. The Brockport Fitness Tests are presented as a strategy to…

Posture deformation occurs under the influence of factors that violate the vertical position of the spine. When the load on the spine is redistributed, the position of the body is adjusted by selective training of the muscles of the trunk and changing the position of the pelvis in the frontal plane. Exercises for impaired posture should be aimed…

Today's physical educators are more taxed than ever before, attempting to deliver health benefits, socialization, sport and movement skills, and health education all while class sizes are expanding and resources are dwindling. A potential mode of exercise that promises health benefits while leaving time for other student learning outcomes is…

Iliotbial band syndrome (ITBS) is an overuse injury that affects distance runners and produces a large amount of frustration (and pain) to the runner, coaches and trainers. Treatments for ITBS vary widely and no known cures exist. Many running experts and physicians have prescribed several variations of training programs designed to help runners…

Suspension training is a relatively new strength training modality that has emerged in the past six years with the advent of the commercial TRX Suspension Trainer. The TRX trainer has entered the market along with a handful of similar products that can now be found in almost every adult fitness center. The same characteristics of suspension…

A number of professions rely on exercise prescription to improve health or athletic performance, including coaching, fitness/personal training, rehabilitation, and exercise physiology. It is therefore advisable that the professionals involved learn the various tools available for designing effective training programs. Mathematical modeling of…

Because children and adolescents are not just miniature adults, it is important to know that children might be vulnerable to injury and may not respond positively to certain types or intensities of training. It is also important to recognize how training can positively affect growth and development, so it can be judiciously applied at critical…

Exercise deficit disorder (EDD) is a pediatric medical condition characterized by reduced levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that are below current recommendations and inconsistent with positive health outcomes. At present, a majority of children and adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria for EDD because they are not…