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Correa, Angel; Miro, Elena; Martinez, M. Pilar; Sanchez, Ana I.; Lupianez, Juan – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Cognitive deficits in fibromyalgia may be specifically related to controlled processes, such as those measured by working memory or executive function tasks. This hypothesis was tested here by measuring controlled temporal preparation (temporal orienting) during a response inhibition (go no-go) task. Temporal orienting effects (faster reaction…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Inhibition, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes
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Adams, Zachary W.; Roberts, Walter M.; Milich, Richard; Fillmore, Mark T. – Psychological Assessment, 2011
Increased intraindividual variability in response time (RTSD) has been observed reliably in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has often been used as a measure of inattention. RTSD is assumed to reflect attentional lapses and distractibility, though evidence for the validity of this connection is lacking. We assessed whether RTSD…
Descriptors: Prediction, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Reaction Time, Validity
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Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Bjorn; Asherson, Philip; Borger, Norbert A.; Butler, Louise; Chen, Wai; Christiansen, Hanna; Heise, Alexander; Kuntsi, Jonna; Schafer, Ulrike; Andreou, Penny; Manor, Iris; Marco, Rafaela; Miranda, Ana; Mulligan, Aisling; Oades, Robert D.; van der Meere, Jaap; Faraone, Stephen V.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be…
Descriptors: Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Cognitive Processes
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Vaurio, Rebecca G.; Simmonds, Daniel J.; Mostofsky, Stewart H. – Neuropsychologia, 2009
One of the most consistent findings in children with ADHD is increased moment-to-moment variability in reaction time (RT). The source of increased RT variability can be examined using ex-Gaussian analyses that divide variability into normal and exponential components and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) that allow for detailed examination of the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Short Term Memory, Evaluation Methods
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Maas, Edwin; Robin, Donald A.; Wright, David L.; Ballard, Kirrie J. – Brain and Language, 2008
Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor programming. However, the exact nature of this deficit remains unclear. The present study examined motor programming in AOS in the context of a recent two-stage model [Klapp, S. T. (1995). Motor response programming during simple and choice reaction time: The role of practice. "Journal of…
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Reaction Time, Serial Ordering, Patients
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Chait, Maria; Eden, Guinevere; Poeppel, David; Simon, Jonathan Z.; Hill, Deborah F.; Flowers, D. Lynn – Brain and Language, 2007
Individuals with developmental dyslexia are often impaired in their ability to process certain linguistic and even basic non-linguistic auditory signals. Recent investigations report conflicting findings regarding impaired low-level binaural detection mechanisms associated with dyslexia. Binaural impairment has been hypothesized to stem from a…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Reaction Time, Acoustics, Cognitive Processes
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Warlop, Nele P.; Achten, Eric; Debruyne, Jan; Vingerhoets, Guy – Neuropsychologia, 2008
We aimed to investigate the relation between damage in the corpus callosum and the performance on an interhemispheric communication task in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Relative callosal lesion load defined as the ratio between callosal area and the total lesion load in the total corpus callosum, and the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Reaction Time, Neurological Impairments, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Pedersen, Scott J.; Surburg, Paul R. – Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2008
This study investigated the movement preparation (reaction time) and movement execution (movement time) of children with and without ADHD by manipulating the uncertainty of occurrence. Participants performed a seated lower extremity choice response time protocol, which contained either 10% catch trials or 30% catch trials along with 27 empirical…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Matched Groups
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Stoodley, Catherine J.; Schmahmann, Jeremy D. – Brain and Language, 2009
Clinical and imaging studies suggest that the cerebellum is involved in language tasks, but the extent to which slowed language production in cerebellar patients contributes to their poor performance on these tasks is not clear. We explored this relationship in 18 patients with cerebellar degeneration and 16 healthy controls who completed measures…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Phonemics, Semantics, Nouns
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Pieters, Guido L. M.; de Bruijn, Ellen R. A.; Maas, Yvonne; Hulstijn, Wouter; Vandereycken, Walter; Peuskens, Joseph; Sabbe, Bernard G. – Brain and Cognition, 2007
To study action monitoring in anorexia nervosa, behavioral and EEG measures were obtained in underweight anorexia nervosa patients (n=17) and matched healthy controls (n=19) while performing a speeded choice-reaction task. Our main measures of interest were questionnaire outcomes, reaction times, error rates, and the error-related negativity ERP…
Descriptors: Eating Disorders, Medicine, Patients, Questionnaires
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Pedersen, Anya; Siegmund, Ansgar; Ohrmann, Patricia; Rist, Fred; Rothermundt, Matthias; Suslow, Thomas; Arolt, Volker – Neuropsychologia, 2008
A high prevalence of deficits in explicit learning has been reported for schizophrenic patients, but it is less clear whether these patients are impaired in implicit learning. Deficits in implicit learning indicative of a fronto-striatal dysfunction have been reported using a serial reaction-time task (SRT), but the impact of typical neuroleptic…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Psychopathology, Patients, Incidence
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Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; de Sonneville, Leo M. J.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Buitelaar, Jan; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2007
Executive dysfunction has been postulated as the core deficit in ADHD, although many deficits in lower order cognitive processes have also been identified. By obtaining an appropriate baseline of lower order cognitive functioning light may be shed on as to whether executive deficits result from problems in lower order and/or higher order cognitive…
Descriptors: Siblings, Reaction Time, Inhibition, Attention Deficit Disorders
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Taub, Gordon E.; McGrew, Kevin S.; Keith, Timothy Z. – Psychology in the Schools, 2007
This study examined the effect of improvements in timing/rhythmicity on students' reading achievement. 86 participants completed pre- and post-test measures of reading achievement (i.e., Woodcock-Johnson III, Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Test of Word Reading Efficiency, and Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency). Students in the…
Descriptors: Intervention, Experimental Groups, Cognitive Ability, Scores
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Pocklington, Barbara; Maybery, Murray – International Journal of Disability, Development & Education, 2006
A meta-analysis in the form of Brinley plots was conducted on the mean reaction times of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Control groups of children and adolescents on the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). ADHD reaction times were regressed on Control group reaction times for 17 data sets (accessed from 13 published studies).…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Hyperactivity, Meta Analysis, Control Groups
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Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Chase, Philip N. – Psychological Record, 2006
Several research laboratories have found that instructed behavior can be less sensitive to changes in contingencies than shaped behavior. The current experiment examined whether these differences in sensitivity could be related to resistance to change. Two groups of subjects, who were matched on the basis of an initial disruption assessment, were…
Descriptors: Resistance to Change, Topography, Videotape Recordings, Compliance (Psychology)