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Chen, Gongxiang; Fu, Xiaolan – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2003
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of multimodal information on learning performance and judgment of learning (JOL). Experiment 1 examined the effects of representation type (word-only versus word-plus-picture) and presentation channel (visual-only versus visual-plus-auditory) on recall and immediate-JOL in fixed-rate…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Recall (Psychology), Information Theory, Memory

Ottenbacher, Kenneth J. – Journal of Special Education, 1990
The agreement between visual analysis and the results of the split-middle method of trend estimation was examined using a set of 24 stimulus graphs and 30 raters. Results revealed poor agreement between the two methods, and low sensitivity, specificity, and predictive ability for visual analysis in relation to statistical inferences. (JDD)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Estimation (Mathematics), Evaluation Methods, Graphs