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Plavnick, Joshua B.; Vitale, Frances A. – Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2016
Based on Skinner's classification of verbal behavior, the mand is the first and most advantageous verbal operant to develop. Deficits in vocal mand repertoires are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and can lead to decreased social interaction and increased problem behavior. The present investigation compared the effects of…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Young Children
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Shteingart, Hanan; Neiman, Tal; Loewenstein, Yonatan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2013
We quantified the effect of first experience on behavior in operant learning and studied its underlying computational principles. To that goal, we analyzed more than 200,000 choices in a repeated-choice experiment. We found that the outcome of the first experience has a substantial and lasting effect on participants' subsequent behavior, which we…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Behavior, Models, Reinforcement
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Meeter, Martijn; Veldkamp, Rob; Jin, Yaochu – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Why does the brain contain more than one memory system? Genetic algorithms can play a role in elucidating this question. Here, model animals were constructed containing a dorsal striatal layer that controlled actions, and a ventral striatal layer that controlled a dopaminergic learning signal. Both layers could gain access to three modeled memory…
Descriptors: Animals, Operant Conditioning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
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Burgos, Jose E. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
This article presents an interpretation of autoshaping, and positive and negative automaintenance, based on a neural-network model. The model makes no distinction between operant and respondent learning mechanisms, and takes into account knowledge of hippocampal and dopaminergic systems. Four simulations were run, each one using an "A-B-A" design…
Descriptors: Brain, Models, Neurological Organization, Simulation
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Diegelmann, Soeren; Zars, Melissa; Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2006
Memories can have different strengths, largely dependent on the intensity of reinforcers encountered. The relationship between reinforcement and memory strength is evident in asymptotic memory curves, with the level of the asymptote related to the intensity of the reinforcer. Although this is likely a fundamental property of memory formation,…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Models, Memory, Memorization
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McDowell, J. J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Darwinian selection by consequences was instantiated in a computational model that consisted of a repertoire of behaviors undergoing selection, reproduction, and mutation over many generations. The model in effect created a digital organism that emitted behavior continuously. The behavior of this digital organism was studied in three series of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Models, Intervals, Behavior
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Grace, Randolph C.; McLean, Anthony P. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
Pigeons' choice in concurrent chains can adapt to rapidly changing contingencies. Grace, Bragason, and McLean (2003) found that relative initial-link response rate was sensitive to the immediacy ratio in the current session when one of the terminal-link fixed-interval schedules was changed daily according to a pseudorandom binary sequence (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Animals, Selection, Change, Adjustment (to Environment)
Schreiber, Deborah A. – 1984
This paper: (1) briefly reviews the existing literature which supports that female adolescents possess significantly more negative attitudes toward middle school science than do males; (2) examines the process of gender socialization in the United States to establish the socio-cultural and social psychological framework within which an attitudinal…
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Females, Intermediate Grades, Junior High Schools
Mazzullo, Mariann C.; Greenberg, Judy I. – 1975
A program for modifying classroom behavior of emotionally disturbed and other children (in grades 3 through 7) based on modeling is described, and specific behaviors and evaluation items for the program are provided along with their rationale. Research is reviewed in Part I and topics are covered, such as: the three effects of modeling…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Emotional Disturbances, Exceptional Child Education, Handicapped Children
Trupin, Eric W.; And Others – 1975
Seventy-five children (mean age of 7.3 years) were referred for evaluation of learning or behavioral deficits. Each child was administered the Reitan Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery or the Halstead Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children, depending upon age. Intellectual, academic, developmental and social assessments were performed.…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Elementary Education, Emotional Disturbances
Kratochwill, Thomas R.; Severson, Roger A. – 1974
Discussed in a paper which was presented at the 1974 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association are diagnostic procedures for instructional planning to be used with learning disabled elementary school children handicapped in the area of mathematics. Traditional diagnostic approaches such as intelligence tests are criticized.…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Conceptual Schemes, Diagnostic Teaching, Dyscalculia
Simpson, Richard L. – 1981
This paper presents a model for school psychologists to instruct parents in behavior modification procedures for use with their children. This model, designed for use by individuals who have a basic working knowledge of operant conditioning and applied behavior analysis procedures, consists of three training sessions which are outlined with…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Change Agents, Demonstrations (Educational)
Rhodes, William C.; Tracy, Michael L. – 1972
Presented in the second volume of a series emanating from a conceptual project on emotional disturbance are six papers on general aspects of interventions as well as biophysical, behavioral, psychodynamic, environmental, and counter theoretical interventions. In an "Overview of Interventions", W. Rhodes discusses a framework for viewing…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Biochemistry, Biology, Children