Racial and ethnic inequities in school discipline are widespread and persistent, even in schools implementing PBIS [positive behavioral interventions and supports] with fidelity. Yet integrating components of a multicomponent equity-centered approach into existing tiered frameworks is showing promise for improving equity in student outcomes. This…

Rural schools have both strengths and challenges to face when educating students. For example, rural settings might have less access to resources compared to schools in other geographical areas. Rural schools often have difficulty hiring and retaining highly qualified staff, such as special education teachers and school psychologists, often the…

Relative to peers without disabilities, students with disabilities are more likely to experience exclusionary discipline. Specifically, students with disabilities experience disproportionate levels of restraint, seclusion, out-of-school suspension, expulsion, and contacts with law enforcement. Further, after controlling for race (Black/African…

The PBIS Framework has demonstrated effectiveness in supporting schools in improving various prosocial outcomes including improved social, emotional, and behavioral skills; increased academic outcomes and attendance; decreased exclusionary discipline (e.g., office referrals, suspensions); and reduced reports of bullying and substance abuse. In…

Prioritizing social, emotional, and behavioral supports is essential for student success. By establishing systems to support students' social (how they interact), emotional (how they feel), and behavioral (how they act) needs and growth, educators and leaders can ensure that all students have full access to instruction and the essential skills for…