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Barac, Raluca; Bialystok, Ellen – Child Development, 2012
A total of 104 six-year-old children belonging to 4 groups (English monolinguals, Chinese-English bilinguals, French-English bilinguals, Spanish-English bilinguals) were compared on 3 verbal tasks and 1 nonverbal executive control task to examine the generality of the bilingual effects on development. Bilingual groups differed in degree of…
Descriptors: Language of Instruction, Cultural Background, Bilingualism, Cognitive Development
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Sera, Maria D.; Bales, Diane W.; del Castillo Pintado, Javier – Child Development, 1997
Three experiments examined effects of language on developing knowledge of distinction between real and apparent properties. Found that when Spanish verbs for "to be" -- "Ser" and "Estar" -- were substituted for "is,""Ser" gave the Spanish-speaking and bilingual speakers a unique advantage in…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis, Performance Factors