Conversational agents (CAs) primarily adopt knowledge scaffolding (KS) or emotional scaffolding (ES) to intervene in learners' knowledge gain and emotional experience in online learning. However, the ill-defined design for KS and ES, as well as insufficient understanding of their interactive effects on learning outcomes, have hindered the…

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning models that autonomously generate human-like content, has recently attracted significant attention in the education sector. This paper explores the potential of generative AI, including tools like ChatGPT, to shift from traditional outcome-oriented educational practices to a more…

The nature of collaborative learning involves intensive interactions among collaborators, such as articulating knowledge into written, verbal or symbolic forms, authoring articles or posting messages to this community's discussion forum, responding or adding comments to messages or articles posted by others, etc. Knowledge collaborators'…