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Austin, Jennifer L.; Soeda, Jennifer M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
Evidence to validate the use of fixed-time (FT) reinforcer delivery (i.e., noncontingent reinforcement) with typically developing populations has been relatively rare in the behavioral literature. In those studies that have provided validation, reinforcer delivery schedules appeared to be prohibitively dense for sustained implementation of…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Grade 3, Developmental Disabilities
Mace, F. Charles; Prager, Kevin L.; Thomas, Karen; Kochy, Jane; Dyer, Tim J.; Perry, Lora; Pritchard, Duncan – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
We evaluated the evocative effects of four conditions (high- and low-preference activities, low and divided attention) and stimulant medication on the behavior of a 16-year-old boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate mental retardation. All behavior (activity engagement, activity changes, inappropriate touching, rude…
Descriptors: Stimulants, Aggression, Moderate Mental Retardation, Hyperactivity
Falcomata, Terry S.; Northup, John A.; Dutt, Anuradha; Stricker, Jason M.; Vinquist, Kelly M.; Engebretson, Brenda J. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
This bridge study evaluated the effects of contingency-specifying instructions (CSIs) and incomplete instructions (IIs) in terms of establishing instructional control of appropriate behavior. Results suggested that instructional control and maintenance were achieved with CSIs but not with IIs. Results are discussed in terms of the potential use of…
Descriptors: Maintenance, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Instruction
Codding, Robin S.; Livanis, Andrew; Pace, Gary M.; Vaca, Leslie – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
The current study replicated the positive effects of performance feedback on treatment integrity and extended previous work by examining reactivity using a multiple baseline design with alternating treatments for observer-present and observer-absent conditions on teachers' implementation of a classwide behavior plan. No differences were found…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Consultation Programs, Integrity, Teachers

Northup, John; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
Functional analyses of classroom disruption were conducted during contingent teacher and peer attention conditions for three children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention provided by peer confederates appeared to function as a distinct form of positive reinforcement for all three children (ages seven and nine). (Author/SW)
Descriptors: Attention, Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Problems, Hyperactivity
Neef, Nancy A.; Bicard, David F.; Endo, Sayaka; Coury, Daniel L.; Aman, Michael G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
We used an assessment that involved competing reinforcer dimensions in a concurrent-schedules arrangement to examine the effects of stimulant medication on impulsivity (i.e., sensitivity of choices to reinforcer immediacy relative to rate, quality, and effort) with 4 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The assessments were…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Pharmacology, Stimulants, Hyperactivity
Kodak, Tiffany; Grow, Laura; Northup, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2004
We conducted a functional analysis of elopement in an outdoor setting for a child with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A subsequent treatment consisting of noncontingent attention and time-out was demonstrated to be effective in eliminating elopement. Modifications of functional analysis procedures associated with the…
Descriptors: Timeout, Stimulants, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders
Kodak, Tiffany; Northup, John; Kelley, Michael E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2007
Although previous research indicates that certain types of attention (i.e., statements related to behavior, tickles) may be differentially reinforcing, only one or two forms of attention are typically provided contingent on problem behavior during the attention condition in experimental functional analyses. In the present investigation, various…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Attention Deficit Disorders, Hyperactivity
Neef, Nancy A.; Marckel, Julie; Ferreri, Summer; Jung, Sunhwa; Nist, Lindsay; Armstrong, Nancy – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2004
This study examined the effects of modeling versus instructions on the choices of 3 typically developing children and 3 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) whose academic responding showed insensitivity to reinforcement schedules. During baseline, students chose between successively presented pairs of mathematics problems…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Verbal Stimuli, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders
Northup, John; Kodak, Tiffany; Lee, Jennifer; Coyne, Amanda – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2004
Analogue assessments were conducted with a common contingency (escape from tasks) that varied only by three different instructions describing the contingency. In one condition, the contingency was described as "taking a break," in another condition it was described as "time-out," and no description of the contingency was provided in a third…
Descriptors: Verbal Stimuli, Timeout, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders
Dicesare, Anthony; McAdam, David B.; Toner, Amy; Varrell, James – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
In the present investigation, a functional analysis of the disruptive behavior of a 18-year-old man who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate mental retardation was conducted, both when he was taking methylphenidate and when he was not taking the medication. The results of this functional analysis…
Descriptors: Moderate Mental Retardation, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Problems
Kelley, Michael E.; Fisher, Wayne W.; Lomas, Joanna E.; Sanders, Roy Q. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2006
Children who are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (or who engage in behavior consistent with such a diagnosis) are often prescribed stimulant medications for hyperactive or inattentive behaviors. However, the mechanisms by which stimulant medications affect individuals' behavior are rarely evaluated. The purpose of the…
Descriptors: Stimulants, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Drug Therapy

Northup, John; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
To identify the most potent reinforcers for 10 young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the relative treatment utility of a verbal forced-choice questionnaire, child nomination, and direct observation was evaluated. Results demonstrated that all three methods were more likely to disagree than agree and that a forced-choice…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Modification, Hyperactivity, Positive Reinforcement
Neef, Nancy A.; Marckel, Julie; Ferreri, Summer J.; Bicard, David F.; Endo, Sayaka; Aman, Michael G.; Miller, Kelly M.; Jung, Sunhwa; Nist, Lindsay; Armstrong, Nancy – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
We conducted a brief computer-based assessment involving choices of concurrently presented arithmetic problems associated with competing reinforcer dimensions to assess impulsivity (choices controlled primarily by reinforcer immediacy) as well as the relative influence of other dimensions (reinforcer rate, quality, and response effort), with 58…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Reinforcement, Arithmetic, Hyperactivity

Rapport, Mark D.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1982
A comparison of the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and response cost in reducing the offtask behavior of two boys (7 and 8 years old) with attentional deficit disorders and hyperactivity revealed that response cost (with free time as the reinforcer) was superior to Ritalin in increasing ontask behavior and improving academic performance.…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Drug Therapy