Performance of reaction time (RT) tasks was investigated in young children and adults to test the hypothesis that age-related differences in processing speed supersede a "global" mechanism and are a function of specific differences in task demands and processing requirements. The sample consisted of 54 4-year-olds, 53 5-year-olds, 59…

The effectiveness of the separate auditory and visual components of a combined auditory-visual conjugate reinforcer was assessed in 27 3-month-old infants. (Author/SB)

Using a visual conditional stimulus and an auditory unconditional stimulus in a trace procedure, the heart rate conditioning of 16 infants ranging in age from two to seven months was evaluated. (MP)

Results indicated that the combined visual-verbal study materials produced performance superior to visual materials alone, which in turn were superior to verbal materials alone. (Author)

Performance was consistently higher for pictures than for words, and this difference was unaffected by age, response mode, or presentation paradigm. (Author)

The effects of aural and pictorial elaborative prompts were estimated separately for response and associative phase components of children's noun-pair learning. Indices of response learning revealed equivalent effects among prompt conditions whereas measures of associative learning demonstrated substantial performance facilitation as a function of…

Examines the verbal-motor relationship in children who performed a Luria-type verbal control task, in which motor responses are initiated to positive stimuli and inhibited to negative stimuli. Subjects were 68 children from kindergarten, first and second grade. (MP)

This experiment (involving kindergarteners and fourth graders) examined the development of the ability to encode, store, and retrieve verbally-or visually-presented material when the modality of the test stimulus was varied. (JMB)

This experiment assessed the reinforcing properties of sensory stimulation for autistic children using three different types of sensory stimulation: music, visual flickering, and visual movement. (SB)

Results suggest that temporal summation of brief stimuli is deficient in neonates. When compared with adult data from an analogous study, results also suggest that the transient system is immature in infants and that this immaturity is expressed in different ways by startle amplitude, probability, and latency. (PCB)

Investigates the effects of varying the motivational context of verbal rationales on children's compliance with prohibition. Results indicate that children who received other-oriented rationales performed a greater amount of work and were less likely to show decrements in working over time than did subjects who received self-oriented rationales.…

Investigated simultaneous occurrence of emergent stimulus-response relations (functional equivalence) and stimulus-stimulus relations (stimulus equivalence). Trained 4- and 5-year olds to emit specified responses to pairs of stimuli in one setting (original training) and to emit other responses to one member of each pair in another setting…