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Odum, Amy L. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Delay discounting is the decline in the present value of a reward with delay to its receipt. Across a variety of species, populations, and reward types, value declines hyperbolically with delay. Value declines steeply with shorter delays, but more shallowly with longer delays. Quantitative modeling provides precise measures to characterize the…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Rewards, Predictive Validity, Delay of Gratification
Jensen, Greg; Neuringer, Allen – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
In most studies of choice under concurrent schedules of reinforcement, two physically identical operanda are provided. In the "real world," however, more than two choice alternatives are often available and biases are common. This paper describes a method for studying choices among an indefinite number of alternatives when large biases are…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Animals, Research Methodology, Rewards
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Ludvig, Elliot A.; Conover, Kent; Shizgal, Peter – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The relation between reinforcer magnitude and timing behavior was studied using a peak procedure. Four rats received multiple consecutive sessions with both low and high levels of brain stimulation reward (BSR). Rats paused longer and had later start times during sessions when their responses were reinforced with low-magnitude BSR. When estimated…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior, Brain
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Green, Leonard; Myerson, Joel; Holt, Daniel D.; Slavin, John R.; Estle, Sara J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
Temporal discounting refers to the decrease in the present, subjective value of a reward as the time to its receipt increases. Results from humans have shown that a hyperbola-like function describes the form of the discounting function when choices involve hypothetical monetary rewards. In addition, magnitude effects have been reported in which…
Descriptors: Rewards, Behavioral Science Research, Animals, Animal Behavior
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Winger, Gail; Woods, James H.; Galuska, Chad M.; Wade-Galuska, Tammy – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Neuroscientific approaches to drug addiction traditionally have been based on the premise that addiction is a process that results from brain changes that in turn result from chronic administration of drugs of abuse. An alternative approach views drug addiction as a behavioral disorder in which drugs function as preeminent reinforcers. Although…
Descriptors: Addictive Behavior, Drug Addiction, Brain, Drug Abuse