Self-efficacy, effectiveness, and work engagement are crucial factors influencing the quality of education and learning outcomes for English language learners. Despite their importance, research on the interplay among these factors in the context of English language teaching remains limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between…

The present study was carried out to explore whether English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' background, motivational, instructional, and information and communication technologies (ICT)-related characteristics predicted differences in writing performance across 13 educational systems. The multilevel analyses indicated that female, younger…

This study explored the predictive roles of social expectations (i.e., community influence and social values) and perceived adults' growth mindsets (i.e., teachers' growth mindset and parents' growth mindset) on self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use and English learning achievement with 685 fourth to fifth graders in Hong Kong. Structural…