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Yan, Ming; Pan, Jinger; Chang, Wenshuo; Kliegl, Reinhold – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2019
During the reading of alphabetic scripts and scene perception, eye movements are programmed more efficiently in horizontal direction than in vertical direction. We propose that such a directional advantage may be due the overwhelming reading experience in the horizontal direction. Writing orientation is highly flexible for Traditional Chinese…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Written Language, Eye Movements, Chinese
Borgwaldt, Susanne R.; Hellwig, Frauke M.; De Groot, Annette M. B. – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2005
Alphabetic orthographies vary in the (in)consistency of the relations between spelling and sound patterns. In transparent orthographies, like Italian, the pronunciation can be predicted from the spelling, in contrast to opaque orthographies such as English, where spelling-sound correspondences are often inconsistent. The pronunciation of English…
Descriptors: Phonemes, Spelling, Pronunciation, Contrastive Linguistics