Female undergraduates with low participation levels in mixed sex discussions received training in assertiveness. Pretest and posttest observations of the subjects' behavior suggested that the training was successful, and that lack of assertiveness in the presence of men, rather than lack of substantive knowledge, inhibited women's participation in…

Male graduate students exhibited significantly more aggressiveness (interruptive behavior) than female students in both male and female professors' classes, although more male aggressiveness occurred in female professors' classes. Male students were more verbally assertive in female professors' classes only. Among students, aggressiveness was…

Pre- and post-treatment measures of sex role orientation, assertiveness, and attainment of individual goals were obtained for 51 female participants. The one-year follow-up showed that the group subjected to principles of assertiveness training and consciousness raising were superior to the control group in androgyny, masculinity, and…

Investigates undergraduate students' stereotypic expectations about female behavior related to role characteristics. Findings indicate that all females are expected to be maternal and assertive, but other characteristics vary. Results were inconclusive about which aspects of the stereotypes were normative. (FMW)

Interviewed adolescent girls regarding their images of motherhood. Respondents attached importance to mothers' traditional orientation and relational and self-assertive orientation. They expected to be moderately traditional themselves but more self-assertive and relational. They viewed ideal mothers as less traditional then themselves and more…