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Peer reviewedAckerman, Phillip L. – Intelligence, 1996
A developmental theory of adult intelligence is proposed called PPIK. The PPIK theory integrates intelligence as process, personality, interests, and intelligence-as-knowledge. Data from the study of knowledge structures are examined in the context of the theory and in relation to measures of content abilities. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adult Development, Age Differences, Cognitive Ability, Intelligence
Peer reviewedHorn, John L. – Intelligence, 1980
This article summarizes results from studies of the organization and development of cognitive abilities in adults aged 20 to 60 years old. Theories of intelligence stipulating a hierarchy of intellectual functions, with fluid and crystallized intelligence at the top, are supported. Six conclusions on age differences are offered. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Adult Development, Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes
