Children's learning from television was studied in 343 fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students who viewed an edited version of a television program and took a posttest. It was hypothesized that children would learn more plot-relevant information (central learning material) as they moved from concrete operational to formal operational…

This 4-year longitudinal study of logical reasoning found complex interrelationships among different cognitive processes of children ages 6 to 15. Piaget's stage theory is discussed in the introduction, with a focus on the concrete operational stage in middle childhood. In the study, a representative array of logical concept tasks and short-term…

It should now be recognized that every child has at least five parallel ages: A "chronological" age, in years, months, and days: a "physiological" age, indicative of physical growth and maturity; a "mental" age, significant of intellectual capacity and ability; a "school standing," or "pedagogical"…