Contrary to the assumptions made by researchers in the area, the levels of empathy and specificity were significantly lower in supervision than in counseling. The differences found were discussed in terms of their implications for the teaching and learning of psychotherapy. (Author)

This study compared two sets of ratings made under different experimental conditions with each other and with a predefined criterion of accuracy. The data indicated that informed raters were significantly more accurate in their ratings than noninformed raters and significant discrepancies occurred at the higher scale points of the Accurate Empathy…

The differences between clients who dropped out of counseling after the intake interview and clients who continued in counseling were examined. Subjects (N=87) were studied in terms of their attitudes and perceptions of counseling and the counseling center. The results indicate that continuers generally had more positive responses than dropouts.…

Three behavior therapists and three analytically oriented psychotherapists treated a total of 60 neurotic outpatients for four months. It was concluded that patient improvement was more a function of patient characteristics than of specific therapist interventions. (Author)

This study examined differences in potential-client preference and believed effectiveness for counseling approaches. Analyses of responses to randomly ordered same-client, same-problem tapes of each approach indicated that the behavioral approach was significantly more highly preferred and believed more effective than either the client-centered or…

This investigation replicated and agreed with the findings of a recent study by Wittmer and Webster in which significant relationships consistently appeared between teaching experience and closed-mindedness in counseling students as measured by the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. The requirement of teaching experience for counseling practice is…

Investigated efficacy of combining rapid smoking aversion and training in self-control skills for maintaining nonsmoking. Results at the 13-week follow-up showed that the performance of the combined rapid smoking plus self-control program was not superior to rapid smoking plus disucssion. (Author)

Evaluates therapeutic efficacy of Beck's cognitive treatment and Lewinsohn's behavioral treatment of depression. Results indicated the cognitive modification group was the most effective in alleviating depression as measured by self-report and objective clinical ratings. Cognitive modification resulted in significantly fewer depressive symptoms…

Subjects were 211 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children aged 8 to 12 years. No statistical evidence was found indicating that the standardized group guidance program was significantly different or more effective than techniques selected by teachers for improving the self-concept of the EMRs. (Author)

This exploratory study compared the response patterns of two groups of counselors experienced in crisis intervention. One group (N=5) was trained according to the Rusk model and the other (N=5) in the brief, focal therapy approach. With the exception of explicit empathy, no between-group differences in frequency of intervention were found. (Author)

Comparability of written and oral measures in evaluating counselor effectiveness was examined for trained and untrained participants. Responses were rated on use of reflective skills, verbal following, and general quality. Results support comparability of written and oral assessments of counselor effectiveness, especially for trained participants.…

This study compared outcome of individual, multiple, and programmed modes of test interpretation of four different vocational tests with content held constant across treatments. Subjects in the individual condition scored significantly higher than subjects in either of the other two conditions on perceived effectiveness of test interpretation.…

Tests the hypothesis that if direct small group experience was shown to be relatively more effective than vicarious experience in heightening attraction, then a significant assumption of T-group theory would receive support. Results support the hypothesis. (Author)

Nonassertive female university student volunteers (N=45) were assigned randomly to one of three individual counseling programs: placebo counseling, standard assertion training, or assertion training incorporating anger induction procedures. The standard method proved superior on a self-report measure but on one of four behavioral ratings the anger…

The present study was concerned with relationships among three different methods of evaluating psychotherapy outcome: final status scores, pretreatment to posttreatment difference scores, and direct ratings of global improvement. Similarities and differences among these relationships and those previously reported in the literature are discussed.…