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Ofoe, Levi C.; Anderson, Julie D.; Ntourou, Katerina – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2018
Purpose: This study presents a meta-analytic review of differences in verbal short-term memory, inhibition, and attention between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS). Method: Electronic databases and reference sections of articles were searched for candidate studies that examined verbal short-term memory, inhibition,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Inhibition, Attention, Stuttering
Xia, Lihua; Bak, Thomas H.; Vega-Mendoza, Mariana; Sorace, Antonella – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023
The current study examined cognitive effects of two pathways of second language (L2) acquisition longitudinally in Chinese speakers learning English in an L2-dominant environment. Thirty-nine participants who attended an intensive 10-week English course (L2-instruction group) were compared to 38 participants who attended regular university courses…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Cognitive Processes
Maxfield, Nathan D. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: Some psycholinguistic theories of stuttering propose that language production operates along a different time course in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically fluent adults (TFA). However, behavioral evidence for such a difference has been mixed. Here, the time course of semantic and phonological encoding in picture naming was compared…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Adults, Stuttering, Semantics
Yang, Hui-Chun; Gray, Shelley – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether preschoolers with primary language impairment (PLI) show deficits in executive function (EF) compared with their peers with typical development (TD) when inhibition, updating, and mental-set shifting are examined using both linguistically based and visually based tasks. Method: Twenty-two…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Preschool Children, Language Impairments, Comparative Analysis
Brophy, Barry; Guerin, Suzanne – Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 2018
Students receive little guidance on how to give the oral presentations that increasingly feature in third level modules. It has been observed that several communication tools employed effectively in conversation--in particular stories--are not used in presentations. The aim of this study was to demonstrate this effect and explore possible reasons…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Story Telling, Public Speaking, Oral Language
Merschbaecher, Katja; Hatko, Lucyna; Folz, Jennifer; Mueller, Uli – Learning & Memory, 2016
Acetylation of histones changes the efficiency of the transcription processes and thus contributes to the formation of long-term memory (LTM). In our comparative study, we used two inhibitors to characterize the contribution of different histone acetyl transferases (HATs) to appetitive associative learning in the honeybee. For one we applied…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Biesmans, K. E.; Aken, L.; Frunt, E. M. J.; Wingbermühle, P. A. M.; Egger, J. I. M. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2019
Background: Assessment of intelligence and executive function (EF) is common in complex neuropsychiatric practice. Although previous studies have shown that EF and intelligence are related, it is unknown whether these constructs relate to one another in a similar manner across different ability groups (mild intellectual disability, borderline…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Executive Function, Psychiatry, Correlation
Barac, Raluca; Moreno, Sylvain; Bialystok, Ellen – Child Development, 2016
This study examined executive control in sixty-two 5-year-old children who were monolingual or bilingual using behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) measures. All children performed equivalently on simple response inhibition (gift delay), but bilingual children outperformed monolinguals on interference suppression and complex response…
Descriptors: Young Children, Monolingualism, Bilingualism, Measurement
Singh, Leher; Fu, Charlene S. L.; Rahman, Aishah A.; Hameed, Waseem B.; Sanmugam, Shamini; Agarwal, Pratibha; Jiang, Binyan; Chong, Yap Seng; Meaney, Michael J.; Rifkin-Graboi, Anne – Child Development, 2015
Comparisons of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals have revealed a bilingual advantage in inhibitory control. Recent studies have demonstrated advantages associated with exposure to two languages in infancy. However, the domain specificity and scope of the infant bilingual advantage in infancy remains unclear. In the present study,…
Descriptors: Infants, Child Development, Bilingualism, Monolingualism
Chevalère, Johann; Postal, Virginie; Jauregui, Joseba; Copet, Pierre; Laurier, Virginie; Thuilleaux, Denise – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The aim of this study was to support the growing evidence suggesting that Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) might present with an impairment of executive functions (EFs) and to investigate whether this impairment is specific to patients with PWS or due to their intellectual disability (ID). Six tasks were administered to assess EFs (inhibition,…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Disabilities, Executive Function, Neurological Impairments
Shoghi Javan, Sara; Ghonsooly, Behzad – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2018
The complicated cognitive processes involved in natural (primary) bilingualism lead to significant cognitive development. Executive functions as a fundamental component of human cognition are deemed to be affected by language learning. To date, a large number of studies have investigated how natural (primary) bilingualism influences executive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Processing, Bilingualism, Cognitive Development
Roelofs, R. L.; Visser, E. M.; Berger, H. J. C.; Prins, J. B.; Van Schrojenstein Lantman-De Valk, H. M. J.; Teunisse, J. P. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2015
Background: Executive functioning (EF) is important for adequate behavioural functioning and crucial for explaining symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in individuals with normal intelligence, but is scarcely studied in individuals with ASD and intellectual disabilities (ID). We therefore study EF in an ID population by comparing…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Kouklari, Evangelia-Chrysanthi; Thompson, Trevor; Monks, Claire P.; Tsermentseli, Stella – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2017
Previous research has clearly demonstrated that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves deficits in multiple neuropsychological functions, such as executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM). A conceptual distinction is commonly made between cool and hot EF. In ASD, continued attention has been paid to the cool areas of executive dysfunction.…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Executive Function, Theory of Mind
Daunhauer, Lisa A.; Fidler, Deborah J.; Hahn, Laura; Will, Elizabeth; Lee, Nancy Raitano; Hepburn, Susan – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2014
We investigated executive functioning (EF) in children with Down syndrome (DS; n = 25) and typically developing (TD) children matched for mental age (MA; n = 23) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. We sought to (1) compare children with DS to a developmentally matched control group, and (2) to characterize the EF…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Children, Down Syndrome
Im-Bolter, Nancie; Johnson, Janice; Ling, Daphne; Pascual-Leone, Juan – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2015
The current study tested 2 models of inhibition in 45 children with language impairment and 45 children with normally developing language; children were aged 7 to 12 years. Of interest was whether a model of inhibition as a mental-control process (i.e., executive function) or as a mental resource would more accurately reflect the relations among…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Children, Language Impairments, Comparative Analysis