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Direct linkGoldhammer, Frank; Martens, Thomas; Christoph, Gabriela; Lüdtke, Oliver – OECD Publishing, 2016
In this study, we investigated how empirical indicators of test-taking engagement can be defined, empirically validated, and used to describe group differences in the context of the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC). The approach was to distinguish between disengaged and engaged response behavior by means of…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Adults, Response Style (Tests), Reaction Time
Peer reviewedKhavenson, Tatiana; Carnoy, Martin – Oxford Review of Education, 2016
In this paper, we try to unravel some of the unintended and intended academic effects associated with post-Soviet educational reforms by focusing on three cases: Estonia, Latvia and Russia. We have chosen this comparison because a unique "natural experiment" in the three countries allows us to compare the changing academic performance on…
Descriptors: Social Change, Social Systems, Academic Achievement, Russian
