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Direct linkSolano-Flores, Guillermo; Wang, Chao; Shade, Chelsey – International Journal of Testing, 2016
We examined multimodality (the representation of information in multiple semiotic modes) in the context of international test comparisons. Using Program of International Student Assessment (PISA)-2009 data, we examined the correlation of the difficulty of science items and the complexity of their illustrations. We observed statistically…
Descriptors: Semiotics, Difficulty Level, Test Items, Science Tests
Allalouf, Avi; Rapp, Joel; Stoller, Reuven – International Journal of Testing, 2009
When a test is adapted from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL), the two forms are usually not psychometrically equivalent. If linking between test forms is necessary, those items that have had their psychometric characteristics altered by the translation (differential item functioning [DIF] items) should be eliminated from the…
Descriptors: Test Items, Test Format, Verbal Tests, Psychometrics
