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Hurley, A. D. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2008
Background: Psychiatric evaluation of adults with intellectual disability (ID) remains complex because of limitations in verbal abilities, atypical clinical presentation and challenging behaviour. This study examines the clinical presentation of adults with depression compared with bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and non-psychiatric control…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Crying, Patients, Verbal Communication
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Cowdery, Glynnis Edwards; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
This case study presents a 9-year-old boy who exhibited severe stereotypic self-injurious behavior. An escalating differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule, mediated through token reinforcement, eliminated self-injurious behavior quickly for up to 30-minute periods, and was more effective than social reinforcement. Crying behavior…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Case Studies, Crying, Intervention