For hundreds of years verbal messages such as lectures and printed lessons have been the primary means of explaining ideas to learners. Although verbal learning offers a powerful tool, this book explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal. Recent advances in graphics technology and information technology have prompted new efforts to understand…

A self-instructional film should be learner-oriented rather than content-oriented. Its objectives should be stated in terms of observable, specific behavior. The distinguishing characteristic of such terms is that they are subject to few interpretations. Objectives should be to identify, name, order, describe, and construct. The foregoing may be…

Theoretical and methodological foundations of the modern audiovisual/radio/television/programed instruction complex have been provided by educational theorists from the Elder Sophists of the fifth century B.C., to the medieval scholars who taught in the monastic or cathedral schools, to the reformers of 1700-1900, to the psychologists of the 20th…

Man seems unable to retain different information from different senses or channels simultaneously; one channel gains full attention. However, it is hypothesized that if the message elements arriving simultaneously from audio and visual channels are redundant, man will retain the information. An attempt was made to measure redundancy in the audio…

This compilation of readings in educational media and research makes accessible published and unpublished documents relevant to designers and users of educational media. Volume I is divided into two parts, "Basic Foundations" and "Media Characteristics.""Basic Foundations" refers to that upon which a science of instructional media design and…

This paper attempts to make a case for increased use of available technology, especially those aspects commonly designated as educational media, in the foreign language classroom. Several arguments are given to support this position. (1) Research has shown that sight is the dominant sense for most people; therefore, varied and integrated visual…

Students who are deaf and hard of hearing have special needs that must be accommodated before they can fully benefit from various types of classroom presentation technology. An optimal classroom situation for learners who must depend primarily on visual input includes careful consideration of factors such as room set up, legibility of the media,…