As the number of women workers has increased, the conditions of employment have changed. Contingent employment such as part time and temporary work allows women to accommodate their lifestyle needs and enables employers to compete in the world economy. Lack of benefits and lack of advancement opportunities are pitfalls of such arrangements. (VM)

Presents youth employment as the principal casualty of cities' transformation from manufacturing- to service-oriented economies. They have been squeezed out of growth sectors and are increasingly employed in retail industries with few opportunities to work with adults or acquire meaningful skills. School-based interventions are proposed. (SA)