The past few years have been highlighted by management experiments with variants of a 4-day week (particularly in the U.S.) and flexible working time schedules (particularly in Europe). These are illustrations of the changing patterns of work and free time that have begun to assume the status of a new technology, and which are the objects of study…

This is the twenty-eighth of a series of studies conducted to determine variances in industrial employment practices of Negroes and to develop appropriate hiring policies. This particular study sought to examine current racial employment policies in the furniture industry within the context of the industry's structure and history. Interviews with…

This paper appraises some completed and current research into discrimination in employment and indicates directions and questions for future research. Most research views discrimination as an economic waste and a social and moral evil, and so should be appraised in the light of the impact that it may have on eliminating or reducing discrimination.…

Between 1992 and 1995, 2,117 nonmanagerial employers in 31 public and private sector organizations throughout the United Kingdom were interviewed for the following purposes: analyzing the need for training and development (T&D); obtaining feedback on existing training provision; identifying barriers to T&D that might affect individuals'…

The part-time job market now employs about 12.5 million persons who are voluntary part timers--those who customarily work one to thirty-four hours a week on their own volition. Data from the Current Population Survey (March-May, 1973) was used to examine the cross-sectional distribution of the employment and wages of part timers, and an analysis…

This study was undertaken in response to expressions of concern about the apparent high dropout and low placement rates for young under-22 Work Incentive Program (WIN) participants. The analysis is based on interviews with 518 young people in 13 cities across the United States who were in the program at some time between July 1971 and the spring…

In the Federal Republic of Germany, as elsewhere, the recent unemployment crisis has forced politicians, economists, trade unionists, and experts to consider a number of courses of action designed to reduce working time. Included among these alternatives are the following: adopting the 35-hour work week, shortening working life through early…

An exploratory study attempted (1) to learn why some employers use permanent part time employment and others do not, (2) to suggest what the benefits and costs of part-time employment are, and (3) to describe which work settings are well-suited to part time employment and which are not. Data were obtained from personal interviews and mail…

This fifteenth special report of the National Commission for Manpower Policy examines the interplay between the forces determining work schedules and the incidence and prevalence of unemployment. In the first chapter the author sets forth the major trends in hours of work and in the changing structure of the labor force that has led increasingly…

A survey of 13,582 employees of 261 employers was conducted in Iowa to determine if women are underemployed (i.e., not employed in positions or at pay levels commensurate with their education, previous work experience and aspirations) and underutilized (i.e., not employed in certain types and levels of positions to the same extent as their…

This congressional report contains testimony given at the first of a series of comprehensive hearings on the impact of automation on employment and the workplace. Included among those agencies and organizations represented at the hearing were the following: the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers; the American Federation…

The institutional arrangements through which workers are prepared and employed in selected occupations are examined to determine whether barriers to entry and employment are susceptible to elimination or reduction, and how labor shortages effect employers. It covers six occupations in the St. Louis and Chicago metropolitan areas: licensed…

Providing an account of black employment in the private sector between 1969 and 1975, the objectives of this study were designed to develop statistical models for estimating the employment gap between black employment experiences and black employment expectations; projecting employment gap closures; estimating the economic impact of employment…

The impact of hiring temporary workers during the tight labor markets of the 1990s was examined through case studies of six hospitals and five automobile plants. The hospitals varied in size from 450 to 6,000 employees. The auto suppliers included unionized and nonunionized small and large companies. The case studies included extensive interviews…

This policy statement focuses on ways of overcoming unemployment and underemployment for groups (young, old, disadvantaged) that typically experience high or prolonged joblessness, and on increasing incentives for productive work. Recommendations resulting from the CED study focus on these areas: new and expanded use on a nationwide basis of…