An important component of the school desegregation methods of Lansing, Michigan, was the Cluster Plan, which is described and evaluated in this article. (Author/AM)

In 1968, a determination that de facto segregation was present in the Erie, Pennsylvania School System was made. This was made on the basis that there were six schools having an 80% or more black student population. These schools were located in black areas. There were also 16 schools with an 80% or more white student population located in white…

Four cases of school integration illustrate that eliminating racial isolation has been shown to have no detrimental effect on majority children. Minority children can be benefited by increasing their achievement levels and IQ scores. All groups can benefit attitudinally. These gains, however, occur only some of the time and only under favorable…

The initial black community response to the desegregation plan submitted by the School Department is contained in this document. The principal purpose is to make clear to the court that in evaluating this plan, or any other, improvements in the quality of schooling is sought. Efforts to rid the Boston schools of discriminatory pupil placement are…