The native speaker's knowledge of his language is characterized as a grammar of expectancy that incorporates pragmatic knowledge of the world. Thus, in teaching a second language, the student must be allowed to take advantage of previously acquired expectations about situations while learning a new grammar of expectancy. (Author/LG)

Paper presented May 1973, Dresden, East Germany. (DD)

Discusses the necessity of teaching not only standard'' French in the classroom, but also those functional varieties of the language which make it an instrument of communication. (D)

Questions the value of teaching grammar to children on theoretical and practical grounds, and proposes an emphasis on teaching usage in varied communication situations. (RN)

Special issue devoted to research and the teaching of French in the elementary school. (VM)

Supports the claim that grammatical explanation is important in expediting audiolingual instruction, especially at the adult level. (RS)

Project was supported by a grant from the U.S. Office of Education. (DS)

Language teaching typically reflects current research, and, until quite recently, grammatical competence (e.g., in the Chomskyan sense) was the major target of linguistic research. Emphasizing the spoken language, the term "fluency," as applied to the foreign language performance of a language learner, is correlated to foreign language…