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L2 English Speaking Syntactic Complexity: Data Preprocessing Issues, Reliability of Automated Analysis, and the Effects of Proficiency, L1 Background, and Topic

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Minjin Kim; Xiaofei Lu – Modern Language Journal, 2024

The effects of learner- and task-related variables on second language (L2) writing syntactic complexity (SC) have been extensively investigated. However, previous research has rarely assessed the reliability of computational tools for analyzing the SC of L2 spoken production, and we know less about the effects of such variables on L2 speaking SC.…

Descriptors: Speech Communication, Syntax, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning

Testing the Relationship of Linguistic Complexity to Second Language Learners' Comparative Judgment on Text Difficulty

Peer reviewed

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Xiaopeng Zhang; Xiaofei Lu – Language Learning, 2024

This study examined the relationship of linguistic complexity, captured using a set of lexical richness, syntactic complexity, and discoursal complexity indices, to second language (L2) learners' perception of text difficulty, captured using L2 raters' comparative judgment on text comprehensibility and reading speed. Testing materials were 180…

Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Decision Making