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Ee-Ling Low – TESOL Journal, 2025
Singapore is an ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse nation-state that has always practiced deliberate language policy and planning. The bilingual education policy, introduced shortly after the young nation's independence has led to the emergence of English-knowing bilinguals who are proficient in both English and their ethnically…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Bilingualism
Dianna Murphy; Sonya K. Sedivy – Foreign Language Annals, 2024
This article is the first large-scale study to document the speaking proficiency outcomes of intensive programs in less commonly taught languages in US higher education. Speaking proficiency was measured by pre- and postprogram ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews (N = 484) in 14 languages: Arabic, Bengali, Brazilian Portuguese, Hindi, Indonesian,…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Proficiency