Matrix organization focuses on the shift from cost center or process input planning to product output or results planning. Matrix organization puts the personnel and the resources where they are needed to get the job done. This management efficiency is brought about by dividing all organizational activities into two areas: (1) input or maintenance…

The effectiveness of an organizations's adaptive behavior depends on the extent to which public relations concerns are considered in goal setting and program planning. The following five open systems propositions, based on a "functional" paradigm, address the complex relationship between public relations and organizational intelligence and do not…

This paper represents the findings of a field study designed to examine the management information system of an urban school district to determine the role it plays in (1) bringing about educational change in the classroom, and (2) drawing the district into a closer balance of systems bond with those organizations that receive and depend on the…