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Direct linkCahit, Kaya – Educational Research and Reviews, 2015
In experimental research, internal validity refers to what extent researchers can conclude that changes in dependent variable (i.e. outcome) are caused by manipulations in independent variable. The causal inference permits researchers to meaningfully interpret research results. This article discusses (a) internal validity threats in social and…
Descriptors: Research Design, Validity, Predictor Variables, Educational Research
Muller, Eugene W. – Educational Technology, 1985
Develops generalizations for empirical evaluation of software based upon suitability of several research designs--pretest posttest control group, single-group pretest posttest, nonequivalent control group, time series, and regression discontinuity--to type of software being evaluated, and on circumstances under which evaluation is conducted. (MBR)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Courseware, Evaluation Methods, Guidelines
Download full textWilliams, John D.; Newman, Isadore – 1982
Problems associated with the analysis of data collected using the Solomon Four Group Design are discussed. The design includes an experimental group and a control group that have been pretested and posttested, and an experimental and a control group that have been posttested only. A sample problem is approached in three different ways. First, the…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Experimental Groups, Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical Models
Peer reviewedHoogstraten, Joh. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The biasing effects of a pretest on subsequent post-test results were investigated in two experimental studies. In general, the results argue for using designs without pretests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Higher Education
Fitz-Gibbon, Carol Taylor; Morris, Lynn Lyons – 1978
The evaluation design, which prescribes when and from whom to gather data, is described as significant because it can lend credibility to evaluation results. The objectives of this booklet are to aid the evaluator in: choosing a design; putting it into operation; and analyzing and reporting the data. Examples include both formative and summative…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Control Groups, Educational Research, Evaluation Methods
Stallings, William M. – 1968
It was hypothesized that instruction in descriptive geometry produces an increase in SRT scores. The resultant data do not firmly support this hypothesis. It is suggested that this study be replicated with the use of randomly selected control groups. (MS)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Achievement Gains, College Students, Control Groups
Hubert, John A. – 1978
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I Evaluation and Reporting System is a method for giving a federally funded project in reading or math an overall score on its cognitive effectiveness. This System introduced the Normal Curve Equivalent (NCE) as an aid in aggregating Title I program scores across states and nationwide regardless of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Compensatory Education, Control Groups
