Compare problems are the most difficult type of word problems among primary school students, especially inconsistent problems, when the relational term is not consistent with the arithmetic operation required for the solution. The present study examines whether different methods help students successfully solve them and how these approaches…

This paper proposes a three-step approach to develop knowledge graphs that integrate textbook-based target knowledge graph with student dialogue-based knowledge graphs. The study was conducted in seventh-grade STEM classes, following a collaborative problem solving process. First, the proposed approach generates a comprehensive target knowledge…

In the context of scholarly and scientific discourse, students often have to deal with graphic-visual modes of communication, which requires their ability to comprehend and utilize inscriptions, that is, scientific visual representations, to convey information effectively--what we call graphical literacy. Despite its pivotal role for training…

The well-known artificial intelligence-based chatbot ChatGPT-4 has become able to process image data as input in October 2023. We investigated its performance on the test of understanding graphs in kinematics to inform the physics education community of the current potential of using ChatGPT in the education process, particularly on tasks that…

This study examined college calculus instructors' preferences in solving two calculus tasks to examine college calculus instructors' use of important cognitive roots in understanding derivatives of function. Our results showed that only one instructor consistently uses cognitive roots while other instructors either focus on algebraic methods or…

The capacity to generate prediction is indispensable in daily existence, particularly amidst the swift transformations that are occurring on a global scale. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the levels of prediction ability among mathematics students when presented with data in graphs. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving 37…

Graph theory allows the student to work on problems that require imagination, intuition, systematic exploration, conjecturing, and reasoning. It implies that mathematical investigation skill is essential to be proficient in Graph Theory. In this study, we conduct empirical research that deals with associational research. There were 97 students…

Graph Signal Processing (GSP) plays a crucial role in addressing the growing need for information processing across networks, especially in tasks like supervised classification. However, the success of GSP in such tasks hinges on accurately identifying the underlying relational structures, which are often not readily available and must be inferred…

Physics experts and students commonly use a variety of representations when working with partial derivatives, including symbols, graphs, and words. One especially powerful representation is the contour graph. In open-ended problem-solving interviews with nine upper-division physics students, we asked students to determine derivatives from contour…

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic urged authorities to share quantitative information such as infection and death rates. One way of disseminating was through graphs, maps, and diagrams. Such data visualizations communicate numeric data in compact ways, but also require a particular mathematical literacy from readers. We conceptualized this particular…

Given the relevance of graphs of functions, we consider their inclusion in primary education from the functional approach to early algebra. The purpose of this article is to shed some light on the students' production and reading of graphs when they solved generalization problems from a functional thinking approach. We aim to explore how 3rd and…

This article presents a reflection on a teaching experience involving the use of the Brügner tangram, an interesting but little-known manipulative material. It details an activity conducted as part of an undergraduate mathematics education course for prospective primary school teachers. The main objective of this paper is to present the…

Although student covariation reasoning has been explored in depth to improve understanding of the correspondence between variables, research has focused on studying existing reasoning about variables in Cartesian representations. The working method had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive exploratory scope, the spontaneous representations…

Many students persistently misinterpret histograms. This calls for closer inspection of students' strategies when interpreting histograms and case-value plots (which look similar but are different). Using students' gaze data, we ask: "How and how well do upper secondary pre-university school students estimate and compare arithmetic means of…

In this study, we developed a classification system of programming errors based on the historical data of 680,540 programming records collected on the Online Judge platform. The classification system described six types of programming errors (i.e., syntax, logical, type, writing, misunderstanding, and runtime errors) and their connections with…