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Longitudinal Relations of Children's Effortful Control, Impulsivity, and Negative Emotionality to Their Externalizing, Internalizing, and Co-Occurring Behavior Problems
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Valiente, Carlos; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Cumberland, Amanda; Liew, Jeffrey; Reiser, Mark; Zhou, Qing; Losoya, Sandra H. – Developmental Psychology, 2009
The purpose of the study was to examine the relations of effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and negative emotionality to at least borderline clinical levels of symptoms and change in maladjustment over four years. Children's (N = 214; 77% European American; M age = 73 months) externalizing and internalizing symptoms were rated by parents and…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Behavior Problems, Self Control, Adjustment (to Environment)
The Relations of Problem Behavior Status to Children's Negative Emotionality, Effortful Control, and Impulsivity: Concurrent Relations and Prediction of Change
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Eisenberg, Nancy; Sadovsky, Adrienne; Spinrad, Tracy L.; Fabes, Richard A.; Losoya, Sandra H.; Valiente, Carlos; Reiser, Mark; Cumberland, Amanda; Shepard, Stephanie A. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
The relations of children's internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors to their concurrent regulation, impulsivity (reactive undercontrol), anger, sadness, and fearfulness and these aspects of functioning 2 years prior were examined. Parents and teachers completed measures of children's (N = 185; ages 6 through 9 years) adjustment, negative…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Children, Conceptual Tempo, Self Control