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Evolving Means of Formal Language Policy on Putonghua and Minority Languages on the Chinese Mainland (1986-2021)

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Huiyu Zhang; Yayu Shi; Haitao Liu – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024

This study analyses the evolving means of China's formal language policy on Putonghua and minority languages from 1986 to 2021. This paper identifies four stages based on the shifting focus between Putonghua and minority languages: status planning of the central government (1986-1990), balance via bilingual policy (1991-2000), strong Putonghua…

Descriptors: Multilingualism, Public Policy, Language Minorities, Mandarin Chinese

Linguistic Human Rights: Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination.

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Ed.; Phillipson, Robert, Ed. – 1995

A collection of essays on linguistic human rights includes: "Combining Immigrant and Autochthonous Language Rights: A Territorial Approach to Multilingualism" (Francois Grin); "On the Limits of Ethnolinguistic Democracy" (Joshua A. Fishman); "Linguistic Human Rights and Educational Policy in Russia" (Alexei A.…

Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Civil Liberties, Classification, Democratic Values

Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA) (Madrid, Spain, October 19-21, 2012)

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International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2012

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a…

Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Academic Support Services, Access to Computers