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Working Memory and Response Inhibition as One Integral Phenotype of Adult ADHD? A Behavioral and Imaging Correlational Investigation
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Schecklmann, Martin; Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Plichta, Michael M.; Dresler, Thomas; Heine, Monika; Boreatti-Hummer, Andrea; Romanos, Marcel; Jacob, Christian; Pauli, Paul; Fallgatter, Andreas J. – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2013
Objective: It is an open question whether working memory (WM) and response inhibition (RI) constitute one integral phenotype in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The authors investigated 45 adult ADHD patients and 41 controls comparable for age, gender, intelligence, and education during a letter n-back and a stop-signal…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Task Analysis, Patients
Objectively-Measured Impulsivity and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Testing Competing Predictions from the Working Memory and Behavioral Inhibition Models of ADHD
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Raiker, Joseph S.; Rapport, Mark D.; Kofler, Michael J.; Sarver, Dustin E. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2012
Impulsivity is a hallmark of two of the three DSM-IV ADHD subtypes and is associated with myriad adverse outcomes. Limited research, however, is available concerning the mechanisms and processes that contribute to impulsive responding by children with ADHD. The current study tested predictions from two competing models of ADHD--working memory (WM)…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conceptual Tempo, Reaction Time, Performance Tests
Performance Variability, Impulsivity Errors and the Impact of Incentives as Gender-Independent Endophenotypes for ADHD
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Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Bjorn; Asherson, Philip; Borger, Norbert A.; Butler, Louise; Chen, Wai; Christiansen, Hanna; Heise, Alexander; Kuntsi, Jonna; Schafer, Ulrike; Andreou, Penny; Manor, Iris; Marco, Rafaela; Miranda, Ana; Mulligan, Aisling; Oades, Robert D.; van der Meere, Jaap; Faraone, Stephen V.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be…
Descriptors: Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Cognitive Processes
The Effects of Focused Attention on Inhibition and State Regulation in Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Ketch, Karen M.; Brodeur, Darlene A.; McGee, Robin – Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2009
This study investigated the effects of response rate and attention focusing on performance of ADHD, clinical-control (CRNA) and non-clinical control children in response inhibition tasks. All children completed the "Go-NoGo" task, a computer-based task of attention and impulsivity. Focused attention on this task was manipulated using a priming…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Reaction Time, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders
Lower Extremity Movement Preparation and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Pedersen, Scott J.; Surburg, Paul R. – Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2008
This study investigated the movement preparation (reaction time) and movement execution (movement time) of children with and without ADHD by manipulating the uncertainty of occurrence. Participants performed a seated lower extremity choice response time protocol, which contained either 10% catch trials or 30% catch trials along with 27 empirical…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Matched Groups
Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes
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Solanto, Mary V.; Gilbert, Sharone N.; Raj, Anu; Zhu, John; Pope-Boyd, Sa'brina; Stepak, Brenda; Vail, Lucia; Newcorn, Jeffrey H. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2007
The Predominantly Inattentive (PI) and Combined (CB) subtypes of AD/HD differ in cognitive tempo, age of onset, gender ratio, and comorbidity, yet a differentiating endophenotype has not been identified. The aim of this study was to test rigorously diagnosed PI, CB, and typical children on measures selected for their potential to reveal…
Descriptors: Memory, Intervals, Reaction Time, Performance Tests
Sequential Processes in Image Generation: An Objective Measure. Technical Report #6.
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Kosslyn, Stephen M.; And Others – 1985
This paper investigates the processes by which visual mental images--the precept-like short-term memory representations--are created from information stored in long-term memory. It also presents a new method for studying image generation. Three experiments were conducted using college students as subjects. In the first experiment, a Podgorny and…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, College Students, Computer Oriented Programs, Conceptual Tempo