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Tennessee Department of Education, 2017
The research is clear: reading proficiently prepares students for lifelong success. Unfortunately, Tennessee students have fallen behind their peers across the nation in reading. Over the past several years, the results in reading have remained stagnant and, in some cases, have declined. In 2015, on the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program…
Descriptors: Literacy Education, Reading Achievement, Low Achievement, Elementary School Students

Mackey, Margaret – Reading, 1991
Reminds readers that looking at individual authors rather than dealing in generalizations is a very meaningful approach to increasing an understanding of how reading works by making sense of the text. Discusses how Agatha Christie's writing follows very predictable patterns and may provide useful experiences for novice readers. (MG)
Descriptors: Adolescent Literature, Adolescents, Reader Text Relationship, Reading Material Selection

Tedlock, David – College Composition and Communication, 1986
Notes that George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant" is frequently encountered in textbooks that ignore the existence of the original audience. Argues that textbook editors thereby misinform students by failing to show how writers recognize and write to particular audiences, and how writers' specific audiences determine many of the authors'…
Descriptors: Anthologies, Editing, Higher Education, Reader Text Relationship
Raphael, Taffy E.; Englert, Carol Sue – 1988
Although writing and reading instruction can be integrated regardless of the reading program materials used, teachers need a greater understanding of the similarities and differences in reading and writing processes, as well as knowledge of ways in which instruction can be merged, before integration can take place. Both reading and writing are…
Descriptors: Basal Reading, Classroom Environment, Elementary Education, Integrated Activities