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Austin, Peter C. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2011
The propensity score is the probability of treatment assignment conditional on observed baseline characteristics. The propensity score allows one to design and analyze an observational (nonrandomized) study so that it mimics some of the particular characteristics of a randomized controlled trial. In particular, the propensity score is a balancing…
Descriptors: Probability, Scores, Statistical Analysis, Computation
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Austin, Peter C. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2012
Researchers are increasingly using observational or nonrandomized data to estimate causal treatment effects. Essential to the production of high-quality evidence is the ability to reduce or minimize the confounding that frequently occurs in observational studies. When using the potential outcome framework to define causal treatment effects, one…
Descriptors: Computation, Regression (Statistics), Statistical Bias, Error of Measurement
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Conijn, Judith M.; Emons, Wilco H. M.; van Assen, Marcel A. L. M.; Sijtsma, Klaas – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2011
The logistic person response function (PRF) models the probability of a correct response as a function of the item locations. Reise (2000) proposed to use the slope parameter of the logistic PRF as a person-fit measure. He reformulated the logistic PRF model as a multilevel logistic regression model and estimated the PRF parameters from this…
Descriptors: Monte Carlo Methods, Patients, Probability, Item Response Theory