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The Paradoxical Attenuation Effect in Tests Based on Classical Test Theory: Mathematical Background and Practical Implications for the Measurement of High Abilities
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Ziegler, Albert; Ziegler, Albert – High Ability Studies, 2009
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the dramatic consequences the application of cut-off points can have in the practice of identifying gifted individuals. The paradoxical attenuation effect describes the frequent situation in which measurements of the gifts and talents individuals possess are lower than their true values. However, in…
Descriptors: Gifted, Academic Achievement, Test Theory, Measurement
Standardized Conditional "SEM": A Case for Conditional Reliability
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Raju, Nambury S.; Price, Larry R.; Oshima, T. C.; Nering, Michael L. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2007
An examinee-level (or conditional) reliability is proposed for use in both classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). The well-known group-level reliability is shown to be the average of conditional reliabilities of examinees in a group or a population. This relationship is similar to the known relationship between the square of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Error of Measurement, Reliability, Test Theory