Mathematical proficiency is essential to supporting students' success in learning mathematics. It is the ability to use conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive disposition in problem-solving. Cognitive independence shows students' ability to process information. Meanwhile, motivation…

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of prospective teachers' cognitive styles on learning approaches. It is aimed to define whether exist significance differences between defining prospective teachers' cognitive styles and learning approaches and demographic variables within the scope of the mean purpose. The study,…

Linear pattern is the primary material in learning number patterns in junior high schools, but there are still many students who fail to generalize the linear pattern. The students' failure in generalizing the pattern occurred when the students ended to view the problems globally without breaking them into the constructors' components such as the…

This study examined variables which may be important in the design of instructional environments adapted to accommodate individual differences. Purposes of the study were: (1) to determine whether matching or mismatching subjects with their tendency toward field dependence or field independence had any effect on achievement in a hypermedia…