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Winiger, Samuel; Singmann, Henrik; Kellen, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Ongoing discussions on the nature of storage in visual working memory have mostly focused on 2 theoretical accounts: On one hand we have a discrete-state account, postulating that information in working memory is supported with high fidelity for a limited number of discrete items by a given number of "slots," with no information being…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Recognition (Psychology), Models
Gao, Zaifeng; Li, Jiaofeng; Wu, Jinglan; Dai, Alessandro; Liao, Huayu; Shen, Mowei – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Working memory (WM) has a limited capacity; however, this limitation can be mitigated by selecting individual items from the set currently held in WM for prioritization. The selection mechanism underlying this prioritization ability is referred to as the focus of attention (FOA) in WM. Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Cues, Task Analysis
Kiefer, Markus; Harpaintner, Marcel; Rohr, Michaela; Wentura, Dirk – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Ratings of perceptual experience on a trial-by-trial basis are increasingly used in masked priming studies to assess prime awareness. It is argued that such subjective ratings more adequately capture the content of phenomenal consciousness compared to the standard objective psychophysical measures obtained in a session after the priming…
Descriptors: Priming, Semantics, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making
Souza, Alessandra S.; Czoschke, Stefan; Lange, Elke B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
How do we maintain information about spatial configurations in mind? Many working memory (WM) models assume that rehearsal processes are used to counteract forgetting in WM. Here, we investigated the contributions of gaze-based and attention-based rehearsal for protecting spatial representations from time-based forgetting. Participants memorized 6…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Short Term Memory, Eye Movements, Attention
Son, Gaeun; Oh, Byung-Il; Kang, Min-Suk; Chong, Sang Chul – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We investigated whether clustering based on feature similarity improves the representational quality of visual working memory (VWM). We hypothesized that similar items are organized into clusters, and their recall precision increases with fewer clusters because of reduced memory load. In a series of 6 experiments, participants remembered…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Cognitive Ability
Smith, S. Adam; Mulligan, Neil W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The typical pattern of results in divided attention experiments is that subjects in a full attention (FA) condition perform markedly better on tests of memory than subjects in a divided attention (DA) condition which forces subjects to split their attention between studying to-be-remembered stimuli and completing some peripheral task.…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Tests, Memory, Task Analysis
Cepulic, Dominik-Borna; Wilhelm, Oliver; Sommer, Werner; Hildebrandt, Andrea – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Recent research on individual differences in object cognition (OC) focused on determining how objects group together, and what type of processing lies behind the clusters--a single domain-general or multiple domain-specific processes. The expertise hypothesis suggests that all object categories are processed by the same mechanism that is…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Visual Perception
Williams, Carrick C.; Burkle, Kyle A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
To investigate the critical information in long-term visual memory representations of objects, we used occlusion to emphasize 1 type of information or another. By occluding 1 solid side of the object (e.g., top 50%) or by occluding 50% of the object with stripes (like a picket fence), we emphasized visible information about the object, processing…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Visual Perception, College Students, Pictorial Stimuli
Wang, Benchi; Cao, Xiaohua; Theeuwes, Jan; Olivers, Christian N. L.; Wang, Zhiguo – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Recent empirical and theoretical work suggests that visual features such as color and orientation can be stored or retrieved independently in visual working memory (VWM), even in cases when they belong to the same object. Yet it remains unclear whether different feature dimensions have their own capacity limits, or whether they compete for shared…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Experiments, Memorization
Heusser, Andrew C.; Ezzyat, Youssef; Shiff, Ilana; Davachi, Lila – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Episodic memories are not veridical records of our lives, but rather are better described as organized summaries of experience. Theories and empirical research suggest that shifts in perceptual, temporal, and semantic information lead to a chunking of our continuous experiences into segments, or "events." However, the consequences of…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Associative Learning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Boone, Alexander P.; Hegarty, Mary – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978) consistently produces large sex differences favoring men (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). In this task, participants select 2 of 4 answer choices that are rotations of a probe stimulus. Incorrect choices (i.e., foils) are either mirror reflections of the probe or…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Tests
Livins, Katherine A.; Doumas, Leonidas A. A.; Spivey, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Although relational reasoning has been described as a process at the heart of human cognition, the exact character of relational representations remains an open debate. Symbolic-connectionist models of relational cognition suggest that relations are structured representations, but that they are ultimately grounded in feature sets; thus, they…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Prediction, Cues
Peterson, Dwight J.; Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Aging is accompanied by declines in both working memory and long-term episodic memory processes. Specifically, important age-related memory deficits are characterized by performance impairments exhibited by older relative to younger adults when binding distinct components into a single integrated representation, despite relatively intact memory…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Cognitive Processes
Jackson, Margaret C.; Linden, David E. J.; Roberts, Mark V.; Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus; Haenschel, Corinna – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
A number of studies have shown that visual working memory (WM) is poorer for complex versus simple items, traditionally accounted for by higher information load placing greater demands on encoding and storage capacity limits. Other research suggests that it may not be complexity that determines WM performance per se, but rather increased…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Test Items, Cognitive Processes
Sørensen, Thomas Alrik; Vangkilde, Signe; Bundesen, Claus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
By varying the probabilities that a stimulus would appear at particular times after the presentation of a cue and modeling the data by the theory of visual attention (Bundesen, 1990), Vangkilde, Coull, and Bundesen (2012) provided evidence that the speed of encoding a singly presented stimulus letter into visual short-term memory (VSTM) is…
Descriptors: Cues, Visual Stimuli, Attention Control, Short Term Memory
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