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Direct linkJifeng Wu; Xiaofei Lu; Renfen Hu; Yun Lin; Fengkai Liu – Modern Language Journal, 2025
The adjustment of syntactic and phraseological complexity is a key consideration in text adaptation. However, research on this topic in the context of Chinese as a second language (CSL) remains limited. Using 700 CSL reading texts graded following the newly issued Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Phrase Structure, Grading, Standards
Minjin Kim; Xiaofei Lu – Modern Language Journal, 2024
The effects of learner- and task-related variables on second language (L2) writing syntactic complexity (SC) have been extensively investigated. However, previous research has rarely assessed the reliability of computational tools for analyzing the SC of L2 spoken production, and we know less about the effects of such variables on L2 speaking SC.…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Syntax, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Mahmoud Abdi Tabari; Xiaofei Lu; Yizhou Wang – Language Awareness, 2025
This study explored the relationship between task complexity, textual emotionality, and linguistic complexity in second language (L2) writing. Fifty-eight L2 English learners performed simple and complex versions of an argumentative writing task manipulated along with resource-directing variables. The essays were first analysed for textual…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
