Much research has been completed that focused on the role of drafting strategies in first language (L1) writing, but its role in second language (L2) writing is missing. The present study investigated the impact of outlining and free writing strategies on L2 academic writing in terms of overall quality, as well as more specifically in terms of…

This paper discusses a study on the composing processes by which native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and native Americans write technical or business English. Results of the study revealed a specific preference by students for one of the three general phases of composing: pre-writing, writing, or rewriting. Although the process preference did not…

Twenty-two reports of research focusing on the composing processes of college students of English as a Second Language are reviewed. The research, reported between 1982 and 1989, consists of case studies of various issues: (1) general accounts of the second language composing process; (2) revision; (3) attention to rhetorical form; (4) monitor…