Developmental education courses have been designed to support underprepared students, as they attempt to bridge the gap in academic knowledge among students who enter postsecondary education underprepared for college-level coursework. The effectiveness of these programs, however, particularly in terms of promoting degree attainment, remains an…

The debate on the stringency of licensure exams for prospective public school teachers is on-going, including the recent controversial roll-out of the educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA). We leverage the quasi-experimental setting of different adoption timing by states and analyze multiple data sources containing a national sample of…

Teaching certification graduates in the years 1982 and 1983 performed as well as or better than non-teaching certification graduates of the same years when measured by either the cumulative grade point average (CGPA) or the upper division major grade point average (UGPA). However, teaching certification graduates were one or two points weaker than…